Water Flow Rate Calculator

Calculate water flow rate from pipe diameter and pressure using standard flow equations.

Results

Visualization

How It Works

Flow rate through a pipe depends on pressure, pipe diameter, pipe roughness, and length. The Hazen-Williams equation is the standard method for water distribution systems.

The Formula

Q = ((P x 2.31 x C^1.852 x d^4.87) / (10.67 x L))^(1/1.852) x 448.83

Variables

  • Q — Flow rate in GPM
  • P — Pressure in PSI
  • C — Hazen-Williams roughness coefficient
  • d — Inside diameter in feet
  • L — Pipe length in feet

Worked Example

A 3/4" copper pipe (C=140) at 50 PSI over 100 feet delivers approximately 5.4 GPM.

Practical Tips

  • C-factor decreases as pipes age and corrode
  • New copper = 140, old copper = 100-120
  • Add 50% to pipe length for fittings as a rule of thumb
  • Flow rate increases dramatically with pipe diameter (4.87 power)

Last updated: March 11, 2026 · Reviewed by the PlumbCalcs Editorial Team